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See also: 1964 Summer Paralympics
The Games of the XVIII Olympiad were held in 1964 in Tokyo, Japan. Detroit, Vienna and Brussels also made a bid for these Games. Tokyo had already been awarded with the organisation of the 1940 Summer Olympics, but this honour had been passed to Helsinki because of Japan's involvement in China. The 1940 Olympics were eventually cancelled because of the outbreak of World War II.
- Yoshinori Sakai[?], who lit the Olympic Flame, was born in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, the day the atomic bomb exploded there.
- Judo and volleyball, both popular sports in Japan, were introduced to the Olympics. Japan won three of the titles in judo, but Dutchman Anton Geesink won the Open category. The Japanese women's volleyball team won the gold medal, with the final being broadcasted live.
- Australian swimmer Dawn Fraser[?] won the 100 m freestyle event for the third time in a row, a feat matched by Vyacheslav Ivanov[?] in rowing's skiff event.
- Don Schollander[?] (USA) won four gold medals in swimming.
- Abebe Bikila[?] became the first person to win the Olympic marathon twice.
- New Zealand's Peter Snell[?] wins a gold medal in both the 800 m and 1500 m.
- Soviet gymnast Larissa Latynina ends her Olympic career with a record 18 medals, of which 9 gold.
See the medal winners, ordered by sport:
| Pos | Country | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | USSR | 30 | 31 | 35 | 96 |
| 2 | USA | 36 | 26 | 28 | 90 |
| 3 | Germany | 10 | 22 | 18 | 50 |
| 4 | Japan | 16 | 5 | 8 | 29 |
| 5 | Italy | 10 | 10 | 7 | 27 |
| 6 | Poland | 7 | 6 | 10 | 23 |
| 7 | Hungary | 10 | 7 | 5 | 22 |
| 8 | Great Britain | 4 | 12 | 2 | 18 |
| 9 | Australia | 6 | 2 | 10 | 18 |
| 10 | Czechoslovakia | 5 | 6 | 3 | 14 |
Summer Olympics
1896 | 1900 | 1904 | 1906 | 1908 | 1912 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012
Winter Olympics
1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1994 | 1998 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010
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